Swine Flu H1N1

Swine influenza (swine flu) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by type A strains of the H1N1 influenza virus. It regularly infects the pig population but with a low death rate. Swine flu infection in humans is rare, with approximately one human infection every two or three years in the US.

Symptoms of swine flu in humans are similar to seasonal influenza and may include: fever, lethargy, lack of appetite, coughing, runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

How does swine flu spread?

Swine flu can be transmitted directly from pig to human. In human to human transmission about 80 per cent of common infectious diseases such as the flu are spread through people's hands. So regular hand washing with soap and water is the single most effective way to prevent transmission.

People should also avoid touching their mouths, noses and eyes. If the nose is blown into a tissue the tissue should be disposed of carefully. Avoid close contact with sick people. Stay home if you're unwell. Obtain immediate medical advice, ideally by 'phone.

Treatment of swine flu in humans

Four antiviral drugs are licensed for use in the US for the treatment of flu: amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. The most recent swine influenza viruses isolated in humans are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. Demand historically has been greatest for oseltamivir (Tamiflu) which comes in tablet form. Zanamivir (Relenza) must be inhaled.

Antivirals relieve some of the symptoms, reduce the potential for complications such as pneumonia and cut the length of the illness. Crucially, they reduce virus transmission.

Preparing for a flu pandemic

• Establish a network of "flu friends" - friends and relatives - who can help if you fall ill. They can collect medicines and other supplies for you, so you won't have to leave home and can avoid spreading the virus.

• Have a stock of food and other supplies, including basic cold remedies, available at home. This should be enough to last two weeks.

WHO: Alert Level Raised to Pandemic

The World Health Organisation today raised its flu alert to the highest level (phase 6). There is now sustained human-to-human transmission of the virus in at least two continents, with nearly 30,000 cases confirmed in 74 countries. Read Dr Margaret Chan's statement to the press.

(11/06/09)

UK Government to leaflet every household

The UK government will send a leaflet to 25 million households next week. The leaflet:

• explains what swine flu is
• how it could spread
• what's been done to prepare for a pandemic
• how people can protect themselves
• what to do if they have flu symptoms 

Download leaflet (PDF)

(30/04/09)

WHO: Swine flu moving towards pandemic level